English

TRILLsson: Distilled Universal Paralinguistic Speech Representations

Audio and Speech Processing 2022-12-20 v2 Computation and Language Machine Learning Sound

Abstract

Recent advances in self-supervision have dramatically improved the quality of speech representations. However, deployment of state-of-the-art embedding models on devices has been restricted due to their limited public availability and large resource footprint. Our work addresses these issues by publicly releasing a collection of paralinguistic speech models that are small and near state-of-the-art performance. Our approach is based on knowledge distillation, and our models are distilled on public data only. We explore different architectures and thoroughly evaluate our models on the Non-Semantic Speech (NOSS) benchmark. Our largest distilled model is less than 15% the size of the original model (314MB vs 2.2GB), achieves over 96% the accuracy on 6 of 7 tasks, and is trained on 6.5% the data. The smallest model is 1% in size (22MB) and achieves over 90% the accuracy on 6 of 7 tasks. Our models outperform the open source Wav2Vec 2.0 model on 6 of 7 tasks, and our smallest model outperforms the open source Wav2Vec 2.0 on both emotion recognition tasks despite being 7% the size.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2203.00236,
  title  = {TRILLsson: Distilled Universal Paralinguistic Speech Representations},
  author = {Joel Shor and Subhashini Venugopalan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.00236},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

Submitted to Interspeech 2022

R2 v1 2026-06-24T09:57:21.295Z