Trigger and Aperture of the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
2014-07-03 v1
Abstract
The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidate showers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above eV, for all zenith angles between 0 and 60, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In these range of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.1111.6764,
title = {Trigger and Aperture of the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory},
author = {J. Abraham and P. Abreu and M. Aglietta and C. Aguirre and E. J. Ahn and D. Allard and I. Allekotte and J. Allen and J. Alvarez-Muñiz and M. Ambrosio and L. Anchordoqui and S. Andringa and A. Anzalone and C. Aramo and E. Arganda and S. Argirò and K. Arisaka and F. Arneodo and F. Arqueros and T. Asch and H. Asorey and P. Assis and J. Aublin and M. Ave and G. Avila and T. Bäcker and D. Badagnani and K. B. Barber and A. F. Barbosa and S. L. C. Barroso and B. Baughman and P. Bauleo and J. J. Beatty and T. Beau and B. R. Becker and K. H. Becker and A. Bellétoile and J. A. Bellido and S. BenZvi and C. Berat and P. Bernardini and X. Bertou and P. L. Biermann and P. Billoir and O. Blanch-Bigas and F. Blanco and C. Bleve and H. Blümer and M. Boháčová and D. Boncioli and C. Bonifazi and R. Bonino and N. Borodai and J. Brack and P. Brogueira and W. C. Brown and R. Bruijn and P. Buchholz and A. Bueno and R. E. Burton and N. G. Busca and K. S. Caballero-Mora and L. Caramete and R. Caruso and W. Carvalho and A. Castellina and O. Catalano and L. Cazon and R. Cester and J. Chauvin and A. Chiavassa and J. A. Chinellato and A. Chou and J. Chudoba and J. Chye and R. W. Clay and E. Colombo and R. Conceição and B. Connolly and F. Contreras and J. Coppens and A. Cordier and U. Cotti and S. Coutu and C. E. Covault and A. Creusot and A. Criss and J. Cronin and A. Curutiu and S. Dagoret-Campagne and R. Dallier and K. Daumiller and B. R. Dawson and R. M. de Almeida and M. De Domenico and C. De Donato and S. J. de Jong and G. De La Vega and W. J. M. de Mello Junior and J. R. T. de Mello Neto and I. De Mitri and V. de Souza and K. D. de Vries and G. Decerprit and L. del Peral and O. Deligny and A. Della Selva and C. Delle Fratte and H. Dembinski and C. Di Giulio and J. C. Diaz and P. N. Diep and C. Dobrigkeit and J. C. D'Olivo and P. N. Dong and A. Dorofeev and J. C. dos Anjos and M. T. Dova and D. D'Urso and I. Dutan and M. A. DuVernois and R. Engel and M. Erdmann and C. O. 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C. Holmes and P. Homola and J. R. Hörandel and A. Horneffer and M. Hrabovský and T. Huege and M. Hussain and M. Iarlori and A. Insolia and F. Ionita and A. Italiano and S. Jiraskova and M. Kaducak and K. H. Kampert and T. Karova and P. Kasper and B. Kégl and B. Keilhauer and E. Kemp and R. M. Kieckhafer and H. O. Klages and M. Kleifges and J. Kleinfeller and R. Knapik and J. Knapp and D. -H. Koang and A. Krieger and O. Krömer and D. Kruppke-Hansen and F. Kuehn and D. Kuempel and K. Kulbartz and N. Kunka and A. Kusenko and G. La Rosa and C. Lachaud and B. L. Lago and P. Lautridou and M. S. A. B. Leão and D. Lebrun and P. Lebrun and J. Lee and M. A. Leigui de Oliveira and A. Lemiere and A. Letessier-Selvon and M. Leuthold and I. Lhenry-Yvon and R. López and A. Lopez Agüera and K. Louedec and J. Lozano Bahilo and A. Lucero and H. Lyberis and M. C. Maccarone and C. Macolino and S. Maldera and D. Mandat and P. Mantsch and A. G. Mariazzi and I. C. Maris and H. R. Marquez Falcon and D. Martello and O. Martínez Bravo and H. J. Mathes and J. Matthews and J. A. J. Matthews and G. Matthiae and D. Maurizio and P. O. Mazur and M. McEwen and R. R. McNeil and G. Medina-Tanco and M. Melissas and D. Melo and E. Menichetti and A. Menshikov and R. Meyhandan and M. I. Micheletti and G. Miele and W. Miller and L. Miramonti and S. Mollerach and M. Monasor and D. Monnier Ragaigne and F. Montanet and B. Morales and C. Morello and J. C. Moreno and C. Morris and M. Mostafá and C. A. Moura and S. Mueller and M. A. Muller and R. Mussa and G. Navarra and J. L. Navarro and S. Navas and P. Necesal and L. Nellen and C. Newman-Holmes and D. Newton and P. T. Nhung and N. Nierstenhoefer and D. Nitz and D. Nosek and L. Nožka and M. Nyklicek and J. Oehlschläger and A. Olinto and P. Oliva and V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja and M. Ortiz and N. Pacheco and D. Pakk Selmi-Dei and M. Palatka and J. Pallotta and G. Parente and E. Parizot and S. Parlati and S. Pastor and M. Patel and T. Paul and V. Pavlidou and K. Payet and M. Pech and J. Pȩkala and I. M. Pepe and L. Perrone and R. Pesce and E. Petermann and S. Petrera and P. Petrinca and A. Petrolini and Y. Petrov and J. Petrovic and C. Pfendner and R. Piegaia and T. Pierog and M. Pimenta and T. Pinto and V. Pirronello and O. Pisanti and M. Platino and J. Pochon and V. H. Ponce and M. Pontz and P. Privitera and M. Prouza and E. J. Quel and J. Rautenberg and O. Ravel and D. Ravignani and A. Redondo and B. Revenu and F. A. S. Rezende and J. Ridky and S. Riggi and M. Risse and C. Rivière and V. Rizi and C. Robledo and G. Rodriguez and J. Rodriguez Martino and J. Rodriguez Rojo and I. Rodriguez-Cabo and M. D. Rodríguez-Frías and G. Ros and J. Rosado and T. Rossler and M. Roth and B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil and E. Roulet and A. C. Rovero and F. Salamida and H. Salazar and G. Salina and F. Sánchez and M. Santander and C. E. Santo and E. M. Santos and F. Sarazin and S. Sarkar and R. Sato and N. Scharf and V. Scherini and H. Schieler and P. Schiffer and A. Schmidt and F. Schmidt and T. Schmidt and O. Scholten and H. Schoorlemmer and J. Schovancova and P. Schovánek and F. Schroeder and S. Schulte and F. Schüssler and D. Schuster and S. J. Sciutto and M. Scuderi and A. Segreto and D. Semikoz and M. Settimo and R. C. Shellard and I. Sidelnik and B. B. Siffert and G. Sigl and A. Śmiałkowski and R. Šmída and B. E. Smith and G. R. Snow and P. Sommers and J. Sorokin and H. Spinka and R. Squartini and E. Strazzeri and A. Stutz and F. Suarez and T. Suomijärvi and A. D. Supanitsky and M. S. Sutherland and J. Swain and Z. Szadkowski and A. Tamashiro and A. Tamburro and T. Tarutina and O. Taşcău and R. Tcaciuc and D. Tcherniakhovski and D. Tegolo and N. T. Thao and D. Thomas and R. Ticona and J. Tiffenberg and C. Timmermans and W. Tkaczyk and C. J. Todero Peixoto and B. Tomé and A. Tonachini and I. Torres and P. Travnicek and D. B. Tridapalli and G. Tristram and E. Trovato and M. Tueros and R. Ulrich and M. Unger and M. Urban and J. F. Valdés Galicia and I. Valiño and L. Valore and A. M. van den Berg and J. R. Vázquez and R. A. Vázquez and D. Veberič and A. Velarde and T. Venters and V. Verzi and M. Videla and L. Villaseñor and S. Vorobiov and L. Voyvodic and H. Wahlberg and P. Wahrlich and O. Wainberg and D. Warner and A. A. Watson and S. Westerhoff and B. J. Whelan and G. Wieczorek and L. Wiencke and B. Wilczyńska and H. Wilczyński and C. Wileman and M. G. Winnick and H. Wu and B. Wundheiler and T. Yamamoto and P. Younk and G. Yuan and A. Yushkov and E. Zas and D. Zavrtanik and M. Zavrtanik and I. Zaw and A. Zepeda and M. Ziolkowski},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1111.6764},
year = {2014}
}
Comments
29 pages, 12 figures