Carbon nanostructures, such as nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, exhibit unique electronic and optical properties that make them very promising candidates for terahertz components. However, carbon nanotube and nanoribbon monolithic on-chip integration is challenging because it may results in significant change of their intrinsic properties after an embedment into a substrate. We investigate with first principles theoretical methods the successful routes of such integration and calculate electronic and optical properties of the integrated structures -- two-dimensional graphene superlattices, where quasi-metallic and dielectric regions alternate by selective hydrogenation of graphene. It is shown that chemical engineering of the graphene surface can lead to strong and well-isolated excitonic absorption peaks in the far-infrared and possibly even terahertz frequencies.
@article{arxiv.2605.24027,
title = {Towards terahertz excitons in hydrogenated graphene superlattices},
author = {Vasil A. Saroka and Olivia Pulci and Marco D'Alessandro},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.24027},
year = {2026}
}