English

Toward a Special \textbf{$E_6\to G(2) \times SU(3)_A$} Embedding for Standard Model and Dark Matter and an $E_7$ Completion Proposal

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology 2026-05-19 v3

Abstract

We developed a unified framework based on a special (non-regular) embedding of the exceptional group E6E_6 in which the main stage of symmetry breaking chain realizes E6G(2)×SU(3)AE_6\to G(2) \times SU(3)_A. The exceptional factor G(2)G(2) plays the role of a hidden strong sector, while SU(3)ASU(3)_A acts as an ancestor of the electroweak gauge group. A minimal scalar sector is organized around a 650\mathbf{650}-based E6E_6 Higgs sector. Its components (7,1)(\mathbf7,\mathbf1) and (1,8)(\mathbf1,\mathbf8) implement the subsequent breaking steps G(2)SU(3)CG(2)\to SU(3)_C and SU(3)ASU(2)L×U(1)ASU(3)_A\to SU(2)_L\times U(1)_A. The \emph{speciality} of this symmetry breaking establishes the feature of \textit{darkness}. Defining an hypercharge from the t8t_{8} generator of SU(3)ASU(3)_A is not sufficient to recover the exact Standard Model hypercharges, leading to the necessity of an E7E_7 uplift which introduces a proper additional U(1)XU(1)_X factor. The special embedding naturally suppresses tree-level leptoquark couplings that typically mediate proton decay in regular GUTs. The scalar potential for the Higgs sectors has been constructed, deriving the heavy gauge-bosons spectrum and presenting a consistent one-loop running of the gauge couplings across the intermediate scales, which is shown to satisfy an E6E_6 unification. The exotic states are organized in E7E_7-derived vectorlike pairs and are made ultraheavy. The G(2)G(2) gluons ensemble confines into heavy dark glueballs with parametrically suppressed communication with SU(3)ASU(3)_A and U(1)XU(1)_X sectors. Cosmological history is analyzed, including topological defects, inflation and reheating, demonstrating that monopole relics are naturally diluted. The resulting framework provides a minimal and internally consistent exceptional apparatus which includes the Standard Model and a dark matter sector which is secluded by the group-theoretic orthogonality.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.15710,
  title  = {Toward a Special \textbf{$E_6\to G(2) \times SU(3)_A$} Embedding for Standard Model and Dark Matter and an $E_7$ Completion Proposal},
  author = {Nicolò Masi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.15710},
  year   = {2026}
}