English

Total Roman bondage number of a graph

Combinatorics 2026-02-10 v1

Abstract

A total Roman dominating function (TRDF) on a graph GG with no isolated vertices is a function f:V(G){0,1,2}f:V(G)\to\{0,1,2\} such that every vertex vv with f(v)=0f(v)=0 has a neighbor assigned 22, and the subgraph induced by {v:f(v)>0}\{v:f(v)>0\} has no isolated vertices. The total Roman domination number γtR(G)\gamma_{tR}(G) is the minimum weight of a TRDF on GG. The total Roman bondage number btR(G)b_{tR}(G) is the minimum cardinality of an edge set EE(G)E'\subseteq E(G) such that GEG-E' has no isolated vertices and γtR(GE)>γtR(G)\gamma_{tR}(G-E')>\gamma_{tR}(G); if no such EE' exists, btR(G)=b_{tR}(G)=\infty. We prove that deciding whether btR(G)kb_{tR}(G)\leq k is NP-complete for arbitrary graphs. We establish sharp bounds, including γtR(G)+1γtR(GB)γtR(G)+2\gamma_{tR}(G)+1\leq \gamma_{tR}(G-B)\leq \gamma_{tR}(G)+2 for any btR(G)b_{tR}(G)-set BB (both sharp), and btR(G)max{δ(G),b(G)}b_{tR}(G)\geq \max\{\delta(G),b(G)\} when γtR(G)=3β(G)\gamma_{tR}(G)=3\beta(G). We characterize graphs with btR(G)=b_{tR}(G)=\infty and provide a necessary and sufficient condition for btR(G)=1b_{tR}(G)=1. Exact values are determined for complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, brooms, double brooms, wheels and wounded spiders. Further upper bounds are given in terms of order, diameter, girth, and structural features.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.08758,
  title  = {Total Roman bondage number of a graph},
  author = {Fahimeh Khosh-Ahang Ghasr and Sakineh Nazari-Moghaddam},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.08758},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

14 pages, To appear in: AKCE International Journal of Graphs and Combinatorics