English

Toppling on permutations with an extra chip

Combinatorics 2021-11-10 v2 Probability

Abstract

The study of toppling on permutations with an extra labeled chip was initiated by the first author with D. Hathcock and P. Tetali (arXiv:2010.11236), where the extra chip was added in the middle. We extend this to all possible locations pp as well as values rr of the extra chip and give a complete characterization of permutations which topple to the identity. Further, we classify all permutations which are outcomes of the toppling process in this generality, which we call resultant permutations. Resultant permutations turn out to be certain decomposable permutations. The number of configurations toppling to a given resultant permutation is shown to depend purely on the number of left-to-right maxima (or records) of the permutation to the left of npn-p and the number of right-to-left minima to the right of npn-p. The number of permutations toppling to a given resultant permutation (identity or otherwise) is shown to be the binomial transform of a poly-Bernoulli number of type B.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2104.13654,
  title  = {Toppling on permutations with an extra chip},
  author = {Arvind Ayyer and Beáta Bényi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.13654},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

27 pages, 1 figure, 7 tables, minor improvements, final version

R2 v1 2026-06-24T01:35:35.161Z