Time in quantum gravity and black-hole information paradox

The fact that canonical quantum gravity does not possess a fundamental notion of time implies that the theory is unitary in a trivial sense. At the fundamental level, this trivial unitarity leaves no room for a black-hole information loss. Yet, a phenomenological loss of information may appear when some matter degrees of freedom are reinterpreted as a clock-time. This explains how both fundamental unitarity and phenomenological information loss may peacefully coexist, which offers a resolution of the black-hole information paradox.