English

Three essays on Machin's type formulas

Number Theory 2025-01-03 v2

Abstract

We study three questions related to Machin's type formulas. The first one gives all two terms Machin formulas where both arctangent functions are evaluated 22-integers, that is values of the form b/2ab/2^a for some integers aa and~bb. These formulas are computationally useful because multiplication or division by a power of two is a very fast operation for most computers. The second one presents a method for finding infinitely many formulas with NN terms. In the particular case N=2N=2 the method is quite useful. It recovers most known formulas, gives some new ones, and allows to prove in an easy way that there are two terms Machin formulas with Lehmer measure as small as desired. Finally, we correct an oversight from previous result and give all Machin's type formulas with two terms involving arctangents of powers of the golden section.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2302.00154,
  title  = {Three essays on Machin's type formulas},
  author = {Armengol Gasull and Florian Luca and Juan L. Varona},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.00154},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

22 pages, 3 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-28T08:28:38.348Z