Third law of repetitive electric Penrose processes
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
2026-03-06 v3 High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract
Recently, Ruffini et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134 (2025) 8, 081403] pointed out that the repetitive Penrose process cannot drain the entire extractable energy of a Kerr black hole. In this Letter, we alternatively point out the charge of a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole cannot drop down to exactly zero via the repetitive electric Penrose process that is terminated after a finite number of iterative steps, indicating a new thermodynamical third-law analog for the repetitive electric Penrose process.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2510.26866,
title = {Third law of repetitive electric Penrose processes},
author = {Li Hu and Rong-Gen Cai and Shao-Jiang Wang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.26866},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
v1, two columns, 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; v2, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D as a Letter; v3, to match the published version