Thermodynamical and spectral phase transition for local diffeomorphisms in the circle

It is known that all uniformly expanding dynamics have no phase transition with respect to H\"older continuous potentials. In this paper we show that given a local diffeomorphism $f$ on the circle, that is neither a uniformly expanding dynamics nor invertible, the topological pressure function $\mathbb{R} \ni t \mapsto P_{top}(f , -t\log |Df|)$ is not analytical. In other words, $f$ has a thermodynamic phase transition with respect to geometric potential. Assuming that $f$ is transitive and that $Df$ is H\"older continuous, we show that there exists $t_{0} \in (0 , 1]$ such that the transfer operator $\mathcal{L}_{f, -t\log|Df|}$, acting on the space of H\"older continuous functions, has the spectral gap property for all $t < t_{0}$ and has not the spectral gap property for all $t \geq t_{0}$. Similar results are also obtained when the transfer operator acts on the space of bounded variations functions and smooth functions. In particular, we show that in the transitive case $f$ has a unique thermodynamic phase transition and it occurs in $t_{0}$. In addition, if the loss of expansion of the dynamics occurs because of an indifferent fixed point or the dynamics admits an absolutely continuous invariant probability with positive Lyapunov exponent then $t_0 = 1.$