English

The unbearable opaqueness of Arp 220

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2016-05-04 v1

Abstract

We explore the potential of imaging vibrationally excited molecular emission at high angular resolution to better understand the morphology and physical structure of the dense gas in Arp~220 and to gain insight into the nature of the nuclear powering sources. Vibrationally excited emission of HCN is detected in both nuclei with a very high ratio relative to the total LFIRL_{FIR}, higher than in any other observed galaxy and well above what is observed in Galactic hot cores. HCN v2=1fv_2=1f is observed to be marginally resolved in 60×50\sim60\times50~pc regions inside the dusty 100\sim100~pc sized nuclear cores. Its emission is centered on our derived individual nuclear velocities based on HCO+^+ emission (VWN=5342±4V_{WN}=5342\pm4 and VEN=5454±8V_{EN}=5454\pm8~\kms, for the western and eastern nucleus, respectively). With virial masses within r2530r\sim25-30~pc based on the HCN~v2=1fv_2=1f line widths, we estimate gas surface densities (gas fraction fg=0.1f_g=0.1) of 3±0.3×104 M pc23\pm0.3\times10^4~M_\odot~\rm pc^{-2} (WN) and 1.1±0.1×104 M pc21.1\pm0.1\times10^4~M_\odot~\rm pc^{-2} (EN). The 43/324-3/3-2 flux density ratio could be consistent with optically thick emission, which would further constrain the size of the emitting region to >15>15~pc (EN) and >22>22~pc (WN). The absorption systems that may hide up to 70%70\% of the HCN and HCO+^+ emission are found at velocities of 50-50~\kms~(EN) and 66, 140-140, and 575-575~\kms (WN) relative to velocities of the nuclei. Blueshifted absorptions are the evidence of outflowing motions from both nuclei. The bright vibrational emission implies the existence of a hot dust region radiatively pumping these transitions. We find evidence of a strong temperature gradient that would be responsible for both the HCN v2v_2 pumping and the absorbed profiles from the vibrational ground state as a result of both continuum and self-absorption by cooler foreground gas.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1603.01291,
  title  = {The unbearable opaqueness of Arp 220},
  author = {S. Martín and S. Aalto and K. Sakamoto and E. González-Alfonso and S. Muller and C. Henkel and S. García-Burillo and R. Aladro and F. Costagliola and N. Harada and M. Krips and J. Martín-Pintado and S. Mühle and P. van der Werf and S. Viti},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.01291},
  year   = {2016}
}

Comments

14 pages accepted for publication in A&A