English

The Three Tree Theorem

Combinatorics 2023-09-06 v1 Discrete Mathematics

Abstract

We prove that every 2-sphere graph different from a prism can be vertex 4-colored in such a way that all Kempe chains are forests. This implies the following three tree theorem: the arboricity of a discrete 2-sphere is 3. Moreover, the three trees can be chosen so that each hits every triangle. A consequence is a result of an exercise in the book of Bondy and Murty based on work of A. Frank, A. Gyarfas and C. Nash-Williams: the arboricity of a planar graph is less or equal than 3.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2309.01869,
  title  = {The Three Tree Theorem},
  author = {Oliver Knill},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.01869},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

17 pages, 3 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-28T12:12:37.779Z