The study of participant-spectator matter and collision dynamics in heavy-ion collisions

We present the simulations of heavy-ion collisions in terms of participant-spectator matter. We find that this matter depends crucially on the collision dynamics and history of the nucleons. The important changes in the momentum space are due to the binary nucleon-nucleon collisions experienced during the high dense phase. This was otherwise not possible with mean field alone. The collisions push the colliding nucleons into midrapidity region responsible for the formation of participant matter. This ultimately leads to thermalization in heavy-ion collisions.