The Selection Function of SZ Cluster Surveys

We study the nature of cluster selection in Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) surveys, focusing on single frequency observations and using Monte Carlo simulations incorporating instrumental effects, primary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and extragalactic point sources. Clusters are extracted from simulated maps with an optimal, multi-scale matched filter. We introduce a general definition for the survey selection function that provides a useful link between an observational catalog and theoretical predictions. The selection function defined over the observed quantities of flux and angular size is independent of cluster physics and cosmology, and thus provides a useful characterization of a survey. Selection expressed in terms of cluster mass and redshift, on the other hand, depends on both cosmology and cluster physics. We demonstrate that SZ catalogs are not simply flux limited, and illustrate how incorrect modeling of the selection function leads to biased estimates of cosmological parameters. The fact that SZ catalogs are not flux limited complicates survey ``calibration'' by requiring more detailed information on the relation between cluster observables and cluster mass.