English

The scheme independent 3-sphere free energy is not a monotone F-function

High Energy Physics - Theory 2026-05-20 v2

Abstract

We study the natural scheme-independent quantity obtained from the three-sphere partition function of a (2+1)(2+1)-dimensional quantum field theory by removing all local counterterm ambiguities. At conformal fixed points this quantity equals the standard FF-theorem invariant. Conformal perturbation theory shows that it locally decreases at O(g2)O(g^2) under any relevant scalar deformation of a three-dimensional CFT. However, an exact analysis of the free massive scalar on S3S^3 shows that this sphere-free-energy interpolant is not monotone along the full renormalization-group flow: it dips below its infrared value and then returns to it. Thus the natural counterterm-subtracted quantity built from sphere thermodynamics is not, by itself, a monotone FF-function. We trace the obstruction to the second-order differential operator required to eliminate the local ambiguities.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.09799,
  title  = {The scheme independent 3-sphere free energy is not a monotone F-function},
  author = {Giacomo Santoni and Francesco Scardino},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.09799},
  year   = {2026}
}