The scheme independent 3-sphere free energy is not a monotone F-function
Abstract
We study the natural scheme-independent quantity obtained from the three-sphere partition function of a -dimensional quantum field theory by removing all local counterterm ambiguities. At conformal fixed points this quantity equals the standard -theorem invariant. Conformal perturbation theory shows that it locally decreases at under any relevant scalar deformation of a three-dimensional CFT. However, an exact analysis of the free massive scalar on shows that this sphere-free-energy interpolant is not monotone along the full renormalization-group flow: it dips below its infrared value and then returns to it. Thus the natural counterterm-subtracted quantity built from sphere thermodynamics is not, by itself, a monotone -function. We trace the obstruction to the second-order differential operator required to eliminate the local ambiguities.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2603.09799,
title = {The scheme independent 3-sphere free energy is not a monotone F-function},
author = {Giacomo Santoni and Francesco Scardino},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.09799},
year = {2026}
}