The role of weak charging in metastable colloidal clusters

We study metastable clusters in a colloidal system with competing interactions. A short-ranged polymer-induced attraction drives clustering, while a weak, long-ranged electrostatic repulsion prevents extensive aggregation. We compare experimental yields of cluster structures expected from theory, which assumes simple addition of the competing isotropic interactions. For clusters of size $4\leq m\leq6$, the yield is significantly less than that expected. We attribute this to an anisotropic self-organized surface charge distribution linked to the cluster symmetry: non-additivity of electrostatic repulsion and polymer-induced attraction. 7-membered clusters have a clear optimal yield of the expected pentagonal bipyramid structure as a function of strength of the attractive interaction.