English

The planar Hopf algebra of noncommutative multi-indices

Combinatorics 2026-07-12 v1

Abstract

We construct the planar Linares--Otto--Tempelmayr Hopf algebra, thereby filling the missing planar noncommutative multi-index corner in the square relating the LOT, Butcher--Connes--Kreimer, and Munthe-Kaas--Wright Hopf algebras. Starting from the free associative algebra on a weighted alphabet Z1×A\mathbb Z_{\ge -1}\times A, we define an insertion-type product yielding a post-Lie structure on the Lie algebra generated by the linear span V(A)V(A) of weight 1-1 monomials whose proper left prefixes all have nonnegative weight, and the Guin--Oudom construction then produces the planar LOT Hopf algebra. We introduce a planar tree fertility map from decorated planar rooted trees to monomials in V(A)V(A), prove that it is a linear isomorphism, and obtain a natural Hopf algebra isomorphism with the Munthe-Kaas--Wright Hopf algebra. We further derive an explicit coproduct formula in terms of left-admissible cuts, establish the extraction-contraction coproduct, and construct a word symmetrization operator compatible with the classical tree symmetrization operator.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.10696,
  title  = {The planar Hopf algebra of noncommutative multi-indices},
  author = {Yong Yu and Xing Gao and Dominique Manchon},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.10696},
  year   = {2026}
}

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