The Pauli-Villars-regularized Dirac vacuum in electromagnetic fields at positive temperature
Mathematical Physics
2026-01-26 v1 Analysis of PDEs
math.MP
Abstract
In this paper we consider a model of the Dirac vacuum in classical electromagnetic fields at positive temperature. We adopt the Pauli-Villars regularisation technique in order to properly define the free energy of the vacuum, extending the previous work by the second named author on the purely magnetic case. This work is intended as a first step in understanding polarisation effects in the vacuum at positive temperature, in presence of both electrostatic and magnetic potentials.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2601.16743,
title = {The Pauli-Villars-regularized Dirac vacuum in electromagnetic fields at positive temperature},
author = {William Borrelli and Umberto Morellini},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.16743},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
27 pages. Contribution to the proceedings of the Intensive Period "Quantum Mathematics @ Polimi 2025"