English

The normality and bounded growth of balleans

General Topology 2018-11-07 v4 Category Theory Metric Geometry

Abstract

By a ballean we understand a set XX endowed with a family of entourages which is a base of some coarse structure on XX. Given two unbounded ballean X,YX,Y with normal product X×YX\times Y, we prove that the balleans X,YX,Y have bounded growth and the bornology of X×YX\times Y has a linearly ordered base. A ballean (X,EX)(X,\mathcal E_X) is defined to have bounded growth if there exists a function GG assigning to each point xXx\in X a bounded subset G[x]XG[x]\subset X so that for any bounded set BXB\subset X the union xBG[x]\bigcup_{x\in B}G[x] is bounded and for any entourage EEXE\in\mathcal E_X there exists a bounded set BXB\subset X such that E[x]G[x]E[x]\subset G[x] for all xXBx\in X\setminus B. We prove that the product X×YX\times Y of two balleans has bounded growth if and only if XX and YY have bounded growth and the bornology of the product X×YX\times Y has a linearly ordered base. Also we prove that a ballean XX has bounded growth (and the bornology of XX has a linearly ordered base) if its symmetric square [X]2[X]^{\le 2} is normal (and the ballean XX is not ultranormal). A ballean XX has bounded growth and its bornology has a linearly ordered base if for some n3n\ge 3 and some subgroup GSnG\subset S_n the GG-symmetric nn-th power [X]Gn[X]^n_G of XX is normal. On the other hand, we prove that for any ultranormal discrete ballean XX and every n2n\ge 2 the power XnX^n is not normal but the hypersymmetric power [X]n[X]^{\le n} of XX is normal. Also we prove that the finitary ballean of a group is normal if and only if it has bounded growth if and only if the group is countable.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1810.07979,
  title  = {The normality and bounded growth of balleans},
  author = {Taras Banakh and Igor Protasov},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.07979},
  year   = {2018}
}

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28 pages