The mean value of the digits of $1/p$
Number Theory
2026-07-15 v1
Abstract
Let be a prime and an integer such that does not divide . Then has a periodic digit expansion with respect to the basis . The length of the period is the (multiplicative) order of mod . If is even, then the mean value of the digits of a period is just . The case of an odd length is more interesting. If is odd, the mean value of the digits of a period was given previously. This mean value involves generalized Bernoulli numbers. However, it is not clear how this result can be generalized to an arbitrary odd length . In the present note we settle this case.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2607.13663,
title = {The mean value of the digits of $1/p$},
author = {Kurt Girstmair},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.13663},
year = {2026}
}