English

The involution kernel and the dual potential for functions in the Walters family

Dynamical Systems 2022-06-03 v1 Statistical Mechanics Mathematical Physics math.MP Optimization and Control Probability

Abstract

Our notation: Points in {0,1}Z{0}={0,1}N×{0,1}N=Ω×Ω+\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{Z}-\{0\}} =\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}\times \{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}=\Omega^{-} \times \Omega^{+}, are denoted by (yx)=(...,y2,y1x1,x2,...)( y|x) =(...,y_2,y_1|x_1,x_2,...), where (x1,x2,...){0,1}N(x_1,x_2,...) \in \{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}, and (y1,y2,...){0,1}N(y_1,y_2,...) \in \{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}. The bijective map σ^(...,y2,y1x1,x2,...)=(...,y2,y1,x1x2,...)\hat{\sigma}(...,y_2,y_1|x_1,x_2,...)= (...,y_2,y_1,x_1|x_2,...) is called the bilateral shift and acts on {0,1}Z{0}\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{Z}-\{0\}}. Given A:{0,1}N=Ω+RA: \{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}=\Omega^+\to \mathbb{R} we express AA in the variable xx, like A(x)A(x). In a similar way, given B:{0,1}N=ΩRB: \{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}=\Omega^{-}\to \mathbb{R} we express BB in the variable yy, like B(y)B(y). Finally, given W:Ω×Ω+RW: \Omega^{-} \times \Omega^{+}\to \mathbb{R}, we express WW in the variable (yx)(y|x), like W(yx)W(y|x). By abuse of notation we write A(yx)=A(x)A(y|x)=A(x) and B(yx)=B(y).B(y|x)=B(y). The probability μA\mu_A denotes the equilibrium probability for A:{0,1}NRA: \{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{R}. Given a continuous potential A:Ω+RA: \Omega^+\to \mathbb{R}, we say that the continuous potential A:ΩRA^*: \Omega^{-}\to \mathbb{R} is the dual potential of AA, if there exists a continuous W:Ω×Ω+RW: \Omega^{-} \times \Omega^{+}\to \mathbb{R}, such that, for all (yx){0,1}Z{0}(y|x) \in \{0,1\}^{\mathbb{Z}-\{0\}} A(y)=[Aσ^1+Wσ^1W](yx). A^* (y) = \left[ A \circ \hat{\sigma}^{-1} + W \circ \hat{\sigma}^{-1} - W \right] (y|x). We say that WW is an involution kernel for AA. The function WW allows you to define an spectral projection in the linear space of the main eigenfunction of the Ruelle operator for AA. Given AA, we describe explicit expressions for WW and the dual potential AA^*, for AA in a family of functions introduced by P. Walters. We present conditions for AA to be symmetric and to be of twist type.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2206.00996,
  title  = {The involution kernel and the dual potential for functions in the Walters family},
  author = {Lucas Y. Hataishi and Artur O. Lopes},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.00996},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

Key words: Involution kernel, dual potential, symmetric potential, Walters' family, entropy production, twist condition