English

The invariant of n-punctured ball tangles

Geometric Topology 2009-03-31 v1

Abstract

Based on the Kauffman bracket at A=eiπ/4A=e^{i \pi/4}, we defined an invariant for a special type of nn-punctured ball tangles. The invariant FnF^n takes values in the set PM2×2n(Z)PM_{2\times2^n}(\mathbb Z) of 2×2n2\times 2^n matrices over Z\mathbb Z modulo the scalar multiplication of ±1\pm1. We provide the formula to compute the invariant of the k1+...+knk_1 + ... + k_n-punctured ball tangle composed of given n,k1,...,knn,k_1,...,k_n-punctured ball tangles. Also, we define the horizontal and the vertical connect sums of punctured ball tangles and provide the formulas for their invariants from those of given punctured ball tangles. In addition, we introduce the elementary operations on the class ST\textbf{\textit{ST}} of 1-punctured ball tangles, called spherical tangles. The elementary operations on ST\textbf{\textit{ST}} induce the operations on PM2×2(Z)PM_{2\times2}(\mathbb Z), also called the elementary operations. We show that the group generated by the elementary operations on PM2×2(Z)PM_{2\times2}(\mathbb Z) is isomorphic to a Coxeter group.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.0903.5105,
  title  = {The invariant of n-punctured ball tangles},
  author = {Jae-Wook Chung},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0903.5105},
  year   = {2009}
}

Comments

40 pages, 14 figures, appendix