English

The influence of the cloud virial parameter on the initial mass function

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2025-01-07 v2

Abstract

Crucial for star formation is the interplay between gravity and turbulence. The observed cloud virial parameter, αvir\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}}, which is the ratio of twice the turbulent kinetic energy to the gravitational energy, is found to vary significantly in different environments, where the scatter among individual star-forming clouds can exceed an order of magnitude. Therefore, a strong dependence of the initial mass function (IMF) on αvir\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}} may challenge the notion of a universal IMF. To determine the role of αvir\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}} on the IMF, we compare the star-particle mass functions obtained in high-resolution magnetohydrodynamical simulations including jet and heating feedback, with αvir=0.0625\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}}=0.0625, 0.1250.125, and 0.50.5. We find that varying αvir\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}} from αvir0.5\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}}\sim0.5 to αvir<0.1\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}}<0.1 shifts the peak of the IMF to lower masses by a factor of 2\sim2 and increases the star formation rate by a similar factor. The dependence of the IMF and star formation rate on αvir\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}} is non-linear, with the dependence subsiding at αvir<0.1\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}}<0.1. Our study shows a systematic dependence of the IMF on αvir\alpha_{\mathrm{vir}}. Yet, it may not be measurable easily in observations, considering the uncertainties, and the relatively weak dependence found in this study.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2410.13137,
  title  = {The influence of the cloud virial parameter on the initial mass function},
  author = {Sajay Sunny Mathew and Christoph Federrath and Amit Seta},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.13137},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, Published in MNRAS, minor changes

R2 v1 2026-06-28T19:25:11.095Z