The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: Instrumentation and Online Systems
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
2024-02-08 v3 Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino detector built into the ice at the South Pole. Construction of IceCube, the largest neutrino detector built to date, was completed in 2011 and enabled the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We describe here the design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and our methodology for drilling and deployment. We also describe the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis. Due to a rigorous pre-deployment protocol, 98.4% of the DOMs in the deep ice are operating and collecting data. IceCube routinely achieves a detector uptime of 99% by emphasizing software stability and monitoring. Detector operations have been stable since construction was completed, and the detector is expected to operate at least until the end of the next decade.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.1612.05093,
title = {The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: Instrumentation and Online Systems},
author = {IceCube Collaboration and M. G. Aartsen and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and J. A. Aguilar and M. Ahlers and M. Ahrens and D. Altmann and K. Andeen and T. Anderson and I. Ansseau and G. Anton and M. Archinger and C. Argüelles and R. Auer and J. Auffenberg and S. Axani and J. Baccus and X. Bai and S. Barnet and S. W. Barwick and V. Baum and R. Bay and K. Beattie and J. J. Beatty and J. Becker Tjus and K. -H. Becker and T. Bendfelt and S. BenZvi and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and A. Bernhard and D. Z. Besson and G. Binder and D. Bindig and M. Bissok and E. Blaufuss and S. Blot and D. Boersma and C. Bohm and M. Börner and F. Bos and D. Bose and S. Böser and O. Botner and A. Bouchta and J. Braun and L. Brayeur and H. -P. Bretz and S. Bron and A. Burgman and C. Burreson and T. Carver and M. Casier and E. Cheung and D. Chirkin and A. Christov and K. Clark and L. Classen and S. Coenders and G. H. Collin and J. M. Conrad and D. F. Cowen and R. Cross and C. Day and M. Day and J. P. A. M. de André and C. De Clercq and E. del Pino Rosendo and H. Dembinski and S. De Ridder and F. Descamps and P. Desiati and K. D. de Vries and G. de Wasseige and M. de With and T. DeYoung and J. C. Díaz-Vélez and V. di Lorenzo and H. Dujmovic and J. P. Dumm and M. Dunkman and B. Eberhardt and W. R. Edwards and T. Ehrhardt and B. Eichmann and P. Eller and S. Euler and P. A. Evenson and S. Fahey and A. R. Fazely and J. Feintzeig and J. Felde and K. Filimonov and C. Finley and S. Flis and C. -C. Fösig and A. Franckowiak and M. Frère and E. Friedman and T. Fuchs and T. K. Gaisser and J. Gallagher and L. Gerhardt and K. Ghorbani and W. Giang and L. Gladstone and T. Glauch and D. Glowacki and T. Glüsenkamp and A. Goldschmidt and J. G. Gonzalez and D. Grant and Z. Griffith and L. Gustafsson and C. Haack and A. Hallgren and F. Halzen and E. Hansen and T. Hansmann and K. Hanson and J. Haugen and D. Hebecker and D. Heereman and K. Helbing and R. Hellauer and R. Heller and S. Hickford and J. Hignight and G. C. Hill and K. D. Hoffman and R. Hoffmann and K. Hoshina and F. Huang and M. Huber and P. O. Hulth and K. Hultqvist and S. In and M. Inaba and A. Ishihara and E. Jacobi and J. Jacobsen and G. S. Japaridze and M. Jeong and K. Jero and A. Jones and B. J. P. Jones and J. Joseph and W. Kang and A. Kappes and T. Karg and A. Karle and U. Katz and M. Kauer and A. Keivani and J. L. Kelley and J. Kemp and A. Kheirandish and J. Kim and M. Kim and T. Kintscher and J. Kiryluk and N. Kitamura and T. Kittler and S. R. Klein and S. Kleinfelder and M. Kleist and G. Kohnen and R. Koirala and H. Kolanoski and R. Konietz and L. Köpke and C. Kopper and S. Kopper and D. J. Koskinen and M. Kowalski and M. Krasberg and K. Krings and M. Kroll and G. Krückl and C. Krüger and J. Kunnen and S. Kunwar and N. Kurahashi and T. Kuwabara and M. Labare and K. Laihem and H. Landsman and J. L. Lanfranchi and M. J. Larson and F. Lauber and A. Laundrie and D. Lennarz and H. Leich and M. Lesiak-Bzdak and M. Leuermann and L. Lu and J. Ludwig and J. Lünemann and C. Mackenzie and J. Madsen and G. Maggi and K. B. M. Mahn and S. Mancina and M. Mandelartz and R. Maruyama and K. Mase and H. Matis and R. Maunu and F. McNally and C. P. McParland and P. Meade and K. Meagher and M. Medici and M. Meier and A. Meli and T. Menne and G. Merino and T. Meures and S. Miarecki and R. H. Minor and T. Montaruli and M. Moulai and T. Murray and R. Nahnhauer and U. Naumann and G. Neer and M. Newcomb and H. Niederhausen and S. C. Nowicki and D. R. Nygren and A. Obertacke Pollmann and A. Olivas and A. O'Murchadha and T. Palczewski and H. Pandya and D. V. Pankova and S. Patton and P. Peiffer and Ö. Penek and J. A. Pepper and C. Pérez de los Heros and C. Pettersen and D. Pieloth and E. Pinat and P. B. Price and G. T. Przybylski and M. Quinnan and C. Raab and L. Rädel and M. Rameez and K. Rawlins and R. Reimann and B. Relethford and M. Relich and E. Resconi and W. Rhode and M. Richman and B. Riedel and S. Robertson and M. Rongen and C. Roucelle and C. Rott and T. Ruhe and D. Ryckbosch and D. Rysewyk and L. Sabbatini and S. E. Sanchez Herrera and A. Sandrock and J. Sandroos and P. Sandstrom and S. Sarkar and K. Satalecka and P. Schlunder and T. Schmidt and S. Schoenen and S. Schöneberg and A. Schukraft and L. Schumacher and D. Seckel and S. Seunarine and M. Solarz and D. Soldin and M. Song and G. M. Spiczak and C. Spiering and T. Stanev and A. Stasik and J. Stettner and A. Steuer and T. Stezelberger and R. G. Stokstad and A. Stößl and R. Ström and N. L. Strotjohann and K. -H. Sulanke and G. W. Sullivan and M. Sutherland and H. Taavola and I. Taboada and J. Tatar and F. Tenholt and S. Ter-Antonyan and A. Terliuk and G. Tešić and L. Thollander and S. Tilav and P. A. Toale and M. N. Tobin and S. Toscano and D. Tosi and M. Tselengidou and A. Turcati and E. Unger and M. Usner and J. Vandenbroucke and N. van Eijndhoven and S. Vanheule and M. van Rossem and J. van Santen and M. Vehring and M. Voge and E. Vogel and M. Vraeghe and D. Wahl and C. Walck and A. Wallace and M. Wallraff and N. Wandkowsky and Ch. Weaver and M. J. Weiss and C. Wendt and S. Westerhoff and D. Wharton and B. J. Whelan and S. Wickmann and K. Wiebe and C. H. Wiebusch and L. Wille and D. R. Williams and L. Wills and P. Wisniewski and M. Wolf and T. R. Wood and E. Woolsey and K. Woschnagg and D. L. Xu and X. W. Xu and Y. Xu and J. P. Yanez and G. Yodh and S. Yoshida and M. Zoll},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.05093},
year = {2024}
}
Comments
82 pages, 50 figures; fix minor error in eq. 3.9 (time calibration cable delay)