The Kepler Mission is monitoring the brightness of ~150,000 stars searching for evidence of planetary transits. As part of the "Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler" (HEK) project, we report a planetary system with two confirmed planets and one candidate planet discovered using the publicly available data for KOI-872. Planet b transits the host star with a period P_b=33.6d and exhibits large transit timing variations indicative of a perturber. Dynamical modeling uniquely detects an outer nontransiting planet c near the 5:3 resonance (P_c=57.0d) of mass 0.37 times that of Jupiter. Transits of a third planetary candidate are also found: a 1.7-Earth radius super-Earth with a 6.8d period. Our analysis indicates a system with nearly coplanar and circular orbits, reminiscent of the orderly arrangement within the solar system.
@article{arxiv.1208.0942,
title = {The Detection and Characterization of a Nontransiting Planet by Transit Timing Variations},
author = {David Nesvorny and David M. Kipping and Lars A. Buchhave and Gáspár Á. Bakos and Joel Hartman and Allan Schmitt},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1208.0942},
year = {2015}
}
Comments
Accepted for publication in Science. Published online on May 10, 2012. Main Text and supplemental information included in a single merged file, 58 pages