English

The continuous primitive integral in the plane

Classical Analysis and ODEs 2020-04-30 v2

Abstract

An integral is defined on the plane that includes the Henstock--Kurzweil and Lebesgue integrals (with respect to Lebesgue measure). A space of primitives is taken as the set of continuous real-valued functions F(x,y)F(x,y) defined on the extended real plane [,]2[-\infty,\infty]^2 that vanish when xx or yy is -\infty. With usual pointwise operations this is a Banach space under the uniform norm. The integrable functions and distributions (generalised functions) are those that are the distributional derivative 2/(xy)\partial^2/(\partial x\partial y) of this space of primitives. If f=2/(xy)Ff=\partial^2/(\partial x\partial y) F then the integral over interval [a,b]×[c,d][,]2[a,b]\times [c,d] \subseteq[-\infty,\infty]^2 is abcdf=F(a,c)+F(b,d)F(a,d)F(b,c)\int_a^b\int_c^d f=F(a,c)+F(b,d)-F(a,d)-F(b,c) and f=F(,)\int_{-\infty}^\infty \int_{-\infty}^\infty f=F(\infty,\infty). The definition then builds in the fundamental theorem of calculus. The Alexiewicz norm is f=F{\lVert f\rVert}={\lVert F\rVert}_\infty where FF is the unique primitive of ff. The space of integrable distributions is then a separable Banach space isometrically isomorphic to the space of primitives. The space of integrable distributions is the completion of both L1L^1 and the space of Henstock--Kurzweil integrable functions. The Banach lattice and Banach algebra structures of the continuous functions in {\lVert \cdot\rVert}_\infty are also inherited by the integrable distributions. It is shown that the dual space are the functions of bounded Hardy--Krause variation. Various tools that make these integrals useful in applications are proved: integration by parts, H\"older inequality, second mean value theorem, Fubini theorem, a convergence theorem, change of variables, convolution. The changes necessary to define the integral in Rn{\mathbb R}^n are sketched out.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1906.11789,
  title  = {The continuous primitive integral in the plane},
  author = {Erik Talvila},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.11789},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T10:05:43.414Z