English

$\texttt{geko}$: A tool for modelling galaxy kinematics and morphology in JWST/NIRCam slitless spectroscopic observations

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2025-10-10 v1

Abstract

Wide-field slitless spectroscopy (WFSS) is a powerful tool for studying large samples of galaxies across cosmic times. With the arrival of JWST, and its NIRCAM grism mode, slitless spectroscopy can reach a medium spectral resolution of (R1600)(R\sim 1600), allowing it to spatially resolve the ionised-gas kinematics out to z9z\sim 9. However, the kinematic information is convolved with morphology along the dispersion axis, a degeneracy that must be modelled to recover intrinsic properties. We present the Grism Emission-line Kinematics tOol (geko\texttt{geko}), a Python package that forward-models NIRCam grism observations and infers emission-line morphologies and kinematics within a Bayesian framework. geko\texttt{geko} combines S\'ersic surface-brightness models with arctangent rotation curves, includes full point-spread function (PSF) and line-spread function (LSF) convolution, and leverages gradient-based sampling via jax\texttt{jax}/numpyro\texttt{numpyro} for efficient inference. It recovers parameters such as effective radius, velocity dispersion, rotational velocity, rotational support, and dynamical mass, with typical run times of \sim20 minutes per galaxy on GPUs. We validate performance using extensive mock data spanning position angle, S/N, and morphology, quantifying where degeneracies limit recovery. Finally, we demonstrate applications to real FRESCO Hα\alpha emitters at z46z\approx 4-6, recovering both rotation- and dispersion-dominated systems. geko\texttt{geko} opens the way to statistical studies of galaxy dynamics in the early Universe and is publicly available at https://github.com/angelicalola-danhaive/geko.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2510.07369,
  title  = {$\texttt{geko}$: A tool for modelling galaxy kinematics and morphology in JWST/NIRCam slitless spectroscopic observations},
  author = {A. Lola Danhaive and Sandro Tacchella},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.07369},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

14 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, submitted to MNRAS