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Technology Readiness Levels for AI & ML

Software Engineering 2020-12-17 v3 Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning

Abstract

The development and deployment of machine learning systems can be executed easily with modern tools, but the process is typically rushed and means-to-an-end. The lack of diligence can lead to technical debt, scope creep and misaligned objectives, model misuse and failures, and expensive consequences. Engineering systems, on the other hand, follow well-defined processes and testing standards to streamline development for high-quality, reliable results. The extreme is spacecraft systems, where mission critical measures and robustness are ingrained in the development process. Drawing on experience in both spacecraft engineering and AI/ML (from research through product), we propose a proven systems engineering approach for machine learning development and deployment. Our Technology Readiness Levels for ML (TRL4ML) framework defines a principled process to ensure robust systems while being streamlined for ML research and product, including key distinctions from traditional software engineering. Even more, TRL4ML defines a common language for people across the organization to work collaboratively on ML technologies.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2006.12497,
  title  = {Technology Readiness Levels for AI & ML},
  author = {Alexander Lavin and Gregory Renard},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.12497},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T16:31:55.566Z