English

SYK thermal expectations are classically easy at any temperature

Quantum Physics 2026-04-23 v2 Data Structures and Algorithms

Abstract

Estimating thermal expectations of local observables is a natural target for quantum advantage. We give a simple classical algorithm that approximates thermal expectations for Gibbs states of local Hamiltonians, and we show it has quasi-polynomial cost nO(log(n/ϵ))n^{O(\log (n/\epsilon))} for all temperatures above a phase transition in the free energy. For many natural models, this coincides with the entire fast-mixing, quantumly easy phase. Our results apply to the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model at any constant temperature due to its absence of a phase transition -- despite its entanglement, sign problem, and polynomial quantum circuit lower bounds. Beyond SYK, we rigorously establish a universal classically easy high-temperature phase for all local, bounded-degree Hamiltonians and show that it extends to temperatures strictly colder than the death of entanglement transition.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.22619,
  title  = {SYK thermal expectations are classically easy at any temperature},
  author = {Alexander Zlokapa and Bobak T. Kiani},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.22619},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

8 pages, 3 figures; 36 pages of supplemental material. Added new theorem in main text in v2

R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:53:18.959Z