Support-Sensitive Bohnenblust-Hille Inequalities and Local Invariants on Hamming Schemes

We investigate local invariants and geometric phenomena for polynomial spaces of low degree on the $q$-ary Hamming scheme $C_q^N$, where $C_q$ denotes the cyclic group of order $q$. Our main analytic tool is a support-sensitive Bohnenblust--Hille inequality for spherical polynomial spaces, showing that the relevant complexity parameter is the support size of the monomials rather than their total degree. Equivalently, in the corresponding toroidal formulation, this leads to estimates for polynomials whose coordinate degrees are bounded by $q-1$, while the growth of the constants is governed by the interaction order of the variables. These inequalities yield applications to the learning theory of spherical low-level functions and also provide the basis for dimension-free comparisons between several classical local invariants, including Sidon constants, unconditional basis constants, and Gordon--Lewis constants. As a consequence, we obtain sharp asymptotic estimates for these invariants in the spherical setting, with analogous comparison and asymptotic results for homogeneous and tetrahedral polynomial spaces. We also study projection constants and the associated reproducing kernels. In the spherical case, suitably normalized Krawtchouk polynomials converge to Hermite polynomials under central-limit scaling, leading to explicit Gaussian limits and sharp asymptotic formulas. By contrast, in the homogeneous and tetrahedral settings a dichotomy appears between the Boolean case and the regime $q\ge3$, where the limiting behaviour is governed by moments of a circular complex Gaussian.