English

Submillimeter Array and Very Large Array Observations in the Hypercompact HII region G35.58-0.03

Astrophysics of Galaxies 2014-09-29 v4 Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Abstract

The formation of hypercompact (HC) HII regions is an important stage in massive star formation. Spectral line and continuum observations can explore its dynamic conditions. We present high angular resolution observations carried out with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Very Large Array (VLA) toward the HC HII region G35.58-0.03. With the 1.3 mm SMA and 1.3 cm VLA, we detected a total of about 25 transitions of 8 different species and their isotopologues (CO, CH3_3CN, SO2_2, CH3_3CCH, OCS, CS, H, and NH3_{3}). G35.58-0.03 consists of an HC HII core with electron temperature Te5500T_e^*\geqq5500 K, emission measure EM 1.9×109\approx 1.9\times10^{9} pc cm6^{-6}, local volume electron density ne=3.3×105n_e=3.3\times10^{5} cm3^{-3}, and a same width of radio recombination line FWHM \approx 43.2 km s1^{-1} for both H30α\alpha and H38β\beta at its intrinsic core size \sim3714 AU. The H30α\alpha line shows evidence of an ionized outflow driving a molecular outflow. Based on the derived Lyman continuum flux, there should be an early-type star equivalent to O6.5 located inside the HII region. From the continuum spectral energy distribution from 3.6 cm, 2.0 cm, 1.3 cm, 1.3 mm and 0.85 mm to 0.45 mm, we distinguished the free-free emission (25% \sim 55%) from the warm dust component (75% \sim 45%) at 1.3 mm. The molecular envelope shows evidence of infall and outflow with an infall rate 0.05 M_{ \odot} yr1^{-1} and a mass loss rate 5.2×1035.2\times10^{-3} Myr1{\rm M_{ \odot} yr^{-1}}. The derived momentum (0.05\sim0.05 M_{\odot} km s1^{-1}) is consistent between the infalling and outflowing gas per year. It is suggested that the infall is predominant and the envelope mass of dense core is increasing rapidly, but the accretion in the inner part might already be halted.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1401.4962,
  title  = {Submillimeter Array and Very Large Array Observations in the Hypercompact HII region G35.58-0.03},
  author = {Chuan-Peng Zhang and Jun-Jie Wang and Jin-Long Xu and Friedrich Wyrowski and Karl M. Menten},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1401.4962},
  year   = {2014}
}

Comments

15 pages, 3 tables, 13 figures. Correct formula (17)

R2 v1 2026-06-22T02:50:03.841Z