English

Subgroups of categorically closed semigroups

Group Theory 2023-01-09 v2 General Topology

Abstract

Let C\mathcal C be a class of topological semigroups. A semigroup XX is called (1) C\mathcal C-closedclosed if XX is closed in every topological semigroup YCY\in\mathcal C containing XX as a discrete subsemigroup, (2) ideallyideally C\mathcal C-closedclosed if for any ideal II in XX the quotient semigroup X/IX/I is C\mathcal C-closed; (3) absolutelyabsolutely C\mathcal C-closedclosed if for any homomorphism h:XYh:X\to Y to a topological semigroup YCY\in\mathcal C, the image h[X]h[X] is closed in YY, (4) injectivelyinjectively C\mathcal C-closedclosed (resp. C\mathcal C-discretediscrete) if for any injective homomorphism h:XYh:X\to Y to a topological semigroup YCY\in\mathcal C, the image h[X]h[X] is closed (resp. discrete) in YY. Let T ⁣zS\mathsf{T_{\!z}S} be the class of Tychonoff zero-dimensional topological semigroups. For a semigroup XX let V ⁣E(X)V\!E(X) be the set of all viable idempotents of XX, i.e., idempotents ee such that the complement XHeeX\setminus\frac{H_e}e of the set Hee={xX:xe=exHe}\frac{H_e}e=\{x\in X:xe=ex\in H_e\} is an ideal in XX. We prove the following results: (i) for any ideally T ⁣zS\mathsf{T_{\!z}S}-closed semigroup XX each subgroup of the center Z(X)={zX:xX    (xz=zx)}Z(X)=\{z\in X:\forall x\in X\;\;(xz=zx)\} is bounded; (ii) for any T ⁣zS\mathsf{T_{\!z}S}-closed semigroup XX, each subgroup of the ideal center I ⁣Z(X)={zZ(X):zXZ(X)}I\!Z(X)=\{z\in Z(X):zX\subseteq Z(X)\} is bounded; (iii) for any T ⁣zS\mathsf{T_{\!z}S}-discrete or injectively T ⁣zS\mathsf{T_{\!z}S}-closed semigroup XX, every subgroup of Z(X)Z(X) is finite, (iv) for any viable idempotent ee in an ideally (and absolutely) T ⁣zS\mathsf{T_{\!z}S}-closed semigroup XX, the maximal subgroup HeH_e is ideally (and absolutely) T ⁣zS\mathsf{T_{\!z}S}-closed and has bounded (and finite) center Z(He)Z(H_e).

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2209.08013,
  title  = {Subgroups of categorically closed semigroups},
  author = {Taras Banakh and Serhii Bardyla},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.08013},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

15 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.12778, arXiv:2101.06520; text overlap with arXiv:2208.00074, arXiv:2208.13050

R2 v1 2026-06-28T01:27:44.741Z