English

Student Evaluation of Repeated AI Feedback Across a Semester of Writing

Computers and Society 2026-07-17 v1 Human-Computer Interaction

Abstract

Generative AI is increasingly used for feedback in higher education, but evidence from repeated classroom use remains limited. This short paper analyses 2988 reflective essay-feedback-appraisal instances from 283 Estonian bachelor students across one semester. Students obtained and assessed feedback from a self-selected AI tool using a uniform prompt. The present analysis of the anonymized text corpus covers essay content, AI feedback, and its perceived helpfulness. Students found feedback helpful and actionable more often than not; about a tenth thought AI unhelpful, more so towards the end of the semester. We also analyzed essay reflection depth, and used a validated AI text classifier to estimate the share of essays that could be treated as likely unaided student writing. The study contributes descriptive classroom evidence on integration of AI feedback - a fast and scalable way to provide immediate writing advice, but not a self-contained route to better reflection. Benefits depend on whether students learn to use AI selectively and critically, without sliding into over-use harmful for the learning process.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.16115,
  title  = {Student Evaluation of Repeated AI Feedback Across a Semester of Writing},
  author = {Andres Karjus and Janika Leoste and Tiia Õun},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.16115},
  year   = {2026}
}