In this study, the structural and magnetic properties of Nd-doped BiFeO3 materials with the formula Bi1−xNdxFeO3(x=0−0.2) were investigated. Samples were prepared using the sol-gel method and annealed at 823 K for 4 hours. Microstructural studies indicated that nanomaterials with an average grain size of less than 100 nm were produced, with the smallest grain size observed for the solid solution with x=0.15. Rietveld analysis of diffraction patterns revealed a composition-driven transformation from the rhombohedral (R3c) lattice to the orthorhombic (Pbam) structure. The above finding is correlated to M\"ossbauer spectroscopy data, which demonstrated the gradual destruction of the spin cycloid due to the structural transformation to the Pbam structure. The spectra were analyzed using a complex hyperfine magnetic field distribution model reflecting cycloidal spin ordering. Scanning differential calorimetry revealed that for the investigated materials the magnetic ordering temperatures are close to 640 K, independently from the Nd concentration. Magnetic measurements showed the emergence of weak ferromagnetic properties with increasing Nd ions concentration, consistently with M\"ossbauer spectroscopy data.
@article{arxiv.2409.06678,
title = {Structure, magnetic properties, and cycloidal spin ordering in Nd-doped BiFeO$_3$ synthesized by sol-gel method},
author = {K. Komędera and K. Siedliska and Ł. Gondek and D. M. Nalecz and R. Panek and M. Krupska-Klimczak and I. Jankowska Sumara and W. Tokarz and W. Tabiś and T. Pikula},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.06678},
year = {2025}
}