Honeycomb bismuthene structures on Ag(111) were investigated using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and density functional theory. LEED I(V) analysis revealed that 0.5 monolayer (ML) of Bi forms an ultraflat honeycomb lattice with negligible buckling at ~120 K, which transforms into other structures upon warming to room temperature. A similar flat bismuthene structure also forms in Mn/Bi/Ag(111), which remains stable even at room temperature. Mn deposition on (p×3)-rect Bi/Ag(111) induces Bi surface segregation, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, resulting in a p(2×2) honeycomb bismuthene. The detailed structural investigation provides fundamental insights into the characterization of two-dimensional topological properties of bismuthene grown on Ag(111).
@article{arxiv.2507.12788,
title = {Structure determination of flat honeycomb Bi grown on Ag(111)},
author = {Ziyong Zhang and Xiaobin Chen and Takeshi Nakagawa},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.12788},
year = {2026}
}