Amorphous red phosphorus (a-P) is one of the remaining puzzling cases in the structural chemistry of the elements. Here, we elucidate the structure, stability, and chemical bond-ing in a-P from first principles, combining machine-learning and density-functional theo-ry (DFT) methods. We show that a-P structures exist with a range of energies slightly higher than those of phosphorus nanorods, to which they are closely related, and that the stability of a-P is linked to the degree of structural relaxation and medium-range order. We thus complete the stability range of phosphorus allotropes [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 11629] by now including the previously poorly understood amorphous phase, and we quantify the covalent and van der Waals interactions in all main phases of phos-phorus. We also study the electronic densities of states, including those of hydrogenated a-P. Beyond the present study, our structural models are expected to enable wider-ranging first-principles investigations - for example, of a-P-based battery materials.
@article{arxiv.2211.04771,
title = {Structure and Bonding in Amorphous Red Phosphorus},
author = {Yuxing Zhou and Stephen R. Elliott and Volker L. Deringer},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.04771},
year = {2023}
}