String homology, and closed geodesics on manifolds which are elliptic spaces

Let $M$ be a closed simply connected smooth manifold. Let $\F_p$ be the finite field with $p$ elements where $p> 0$ is a prime integer. Suppose that $M$ is an $\F_p$-elliptic space in the sense of [FHT91]. We prove that if the cohomology algebra $H^*(M, \F_p)$ cannot be generated (as an algebra) by one element, then any Riemannian metric on $M$ has an infinite number of geometrically distinct closed geodesics. The starting point is a classical theorem of Gromoll and Meyer [GM69]. The proof uses string homology, in particular the spectral sequence of [CJY04], the main theorem of [McC87], and the structure theorem for elliptic Hopf algebras over $\F_p$ from [FHT91].