Strassen's theorem for biased convex order
Abstract
Strassen's theorem asserts that for given marginal probabilities there exists a martingale starting in and terminating in if and only if are in convex order. From a financial perspective, it guarantees the existence of market-consistent martingale pricing measures for arbitrage-free prices of European call options and thus plays a fundamental role in robust finance. Arbitrage-free prices of American options demand a stronger version of martingales which are 'biased' in a specific sense. In this paper, we derive an extension of Strassen's theorem that links them to an appropriate strengthening of the convex order. Moreover, we provide a characterization of this order through integrals with respect to compensated Poisson processes.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.13041,
title = {Strassen's theorem for biased convex order},
author = {Beatrice Acciaio and Mathias Beiglböck and Evgeny Kolosov and Gudmund Pammer},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.13041},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
28 pages, 7 figures