A stochastic modeling methodology for 3-D foliage is presented, aimed at enhancing ray-tracing simulations. The model supports adjustable stochastic geometry, density, and shape to capture variability in foliage structures. The model is validated through experimental measurements of representative vegetation. The influence of foliage density and size on path loss and root mean square delay spread is analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the model in the 80 GHz frequency band.
@article{arxiv.2603.18810,
title = {Stochastic 3-D Foliage Modeling at 80 GHz: Experimental Validation and Ray-Tracing Simulations},
author = {Jiri Blumenstein and Radek Zavorka and Josef Vychodil and Tomas Mikulasek and Jaroslaw Wojtun and Jan M. Kelner and Cezary Ziolkowski and Rajeev Shukla and Markus Hofer and Thomas Zemen and Christoph Mecklenbrauker and Aniruddha Chandra and Ales Prokes},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.18810},
year = {2026}
}