English

Stirling operators in spatial combinatorics

Combinatorics 2022-08-24 v6 Mathematical Physics Functional Analysis math.MP Probability

Abstract

We define and study a spatial (infinite-dimensional) counterpart of Stirling numbers. In classical combinatorics, the Pochhammer symbol (m)n(m)_n can be extended from a natural number mNm\in\mathbb N to the falling factorials (z)n=z(z1)(zn+1)(z)_n=z(z-1)\dotsm (z-n+1) of an argument zz from F=R or C\mathbb F=\mathbb R\text{ or }\mathbb C, and Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds are the coefficients of the expansions of (z)n(z)_n through zkz^k, knk\leq n and vice versa. When taking into account spatial positions of elements in a locally compact Polish space XX, we replace N\mathbb N by the space of configurations -- discrete Radon measures γ=iδxi\gamma=\sum_i\delta_{x_i} on XX, where δxi\delta_{x_i} is the Dirac measure with mass at xix_i.The spatial falling factorials (γ)n:=i1i2i1ini1,,inin1δ(xi1,xi2,,xin)(\gamma)_n:=\sum_{i_1}\sum_{i_2\ne i_1}\dotsm\sum_{i_n\ne i_1,\dots, i_n\ne i_{n-1}}\delta_{(x_{i_1},x_{i_2},\dots,x_{i_n})} can be naturally extended to mappings M(1)(X)ω(ω)nM(n)(X)M^{(1)}(X)\ni\omega\mapsto (\omega)_n\in M^{(n)}(X), where M(n)(X)M^{(n)}(X) denotes the space of F\mathbb F-valued, symmetric (for n2n\ge2) Radon measures on XnX^n. There is a natural duality between M(n)(X)M^{(n)}(X) and the space CF(n)(X)\mathcal {CF}^{(n)}(X) of F\mathbb F-valued, symmetric continuous functions on XnX^n with compact support. The Stirling operators of the first and second kind, s(n,k)\mathbf{s}(n,k) and S(n,k)\mathbf{S}(n,k), are linear operators, acting between spaces CF(n)(X)\mathcal {CF}^{(n)}(X) and CF(k)(X)\mathcal {CF}^{(k)}(X) such that their dual operators, acting from M(k)(X)M^{(k)}(X) into M(n)(X)M^{(n)}(X), satisfy (ω)n=k=1ns(n,k)ωk(\omega)_n=\sum_{k=1}^n\mathbf{s}(n,k)^*\omega^{\otimes k} and ωn=k=1nS(n,k)(ω)k\omega^{\otimes n}=\sum_{k=1}^n\mathbf{S}(n,k)^*(\omega)_k, respectively. We derive combinatorial properties of the Stirling operators, present their connections with a generalization of the Poisson point process and with the Wick ordering under the canonical commutation relations.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2007.01175,
  title  = {Stirling operators in spatial combinatorics},
  author = {Dmitri Finkelshtein and Yuri Kondratiev and Eugene Lytvynov and Maria Joao Oliveira},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.01175},
  year   = {2022}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T16:48:16.156Z