Standard Model Heavy Flavor physics on the Lattice

Lattice QCD calculations in charm and bottom physics are particularly important because they can provide the hadronic weak decay matrix elements needed for key constraints on the CKM Unitarity Triangle. I will summarise recent results in this area, paying particular attention to sources of error, comparison between methods and tests of results against experiment, for example, in the spectrum. Updated world averages for decay constants this year are : $f_{D_s}$=248.6(2.4) MeV; $f_D$ = 212.1(3.4) MeV; $f_{B_s}$ = 227(4) MeV; $f_B$ = 190(4) MeV. Note that B decay constants are clearly lower than the corresponding D decay constants. Improved $D$ semileptonic form factors, both shape and normalisation, now allow the direct determination of $V_{cs}$ and $V_{cd}$ to 3% and 5% respectively. This year we also have a clear demonstration that dependence of form factors on the spectator quark mass between light and strange is very small. Apart from the phenomenology implications, this has practical application to the normalisation of branching fractions in experiment. The current best Standard model rate for a key LHC mode sensitive to new physics - $B_{(s)} \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-$ - is derived from lattice QCD calculations on $B/B_s$ mixing rates. I will discuss the current result and prospects for improving lattice QCD errors.