Spatio-temporal tasks often encounter incomplete data arising from missing or inaccessible sensors, making spatio-temporal kriging crucial for inferring the completely missing temporal information. However, current models struggle with ensuring the validity and generalizability of inferred spatio-temporal patterns, especially in capturing dynamic spatial dependencies and temporal shifts, and optimizing the generalizability of unknown sensors. To overcome these limitations, we propose Spatio-Temporal Aware Graph Adversarial Neural Network (STA-GANN), a novel GNN-based kriging framework that improves spatio-temporal pattern validity and generalization. STA-GANN integrates (i) Decoupled Phase Module that senses and adjusts for timestamp shifts. (ii) Dynamic Data-Driven Metadata Graph Modeling to update spatial relationships using temporal data and metadata; (iii) An adversarial transfer learning strategy to ensure generalizability. Extensive validation across nine datasets from four fields and theoretical evidence both demonstrate the superior performance of STA-GANN.
@article{arxiv.2508.16161,
title = {STA-GANN: A Valid and Generalizable Spatio-Temporal Kriging Approach},
author = {Yujie Li and Zezhi Shao and Chengqing Yu and Tangwen Qian and Zhao Zhang and Yifan Du and Shaoming He and Fei Wang and Yongjun Xu},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.16161},
year = {2025}
}