English

Square-free graphs are multiplicative

Combinatorics 2016-08-24 v2

Abstract

A graph K is square-free if it contains no four-cycle as a subgraph. A graph K is multiplicative if GxH -> K implies G -> K or H -> K, for all graphs G,H. Here GxH is the tensor (or categorical) graph product and G -> K denotes the existence of a graph homomorphism from G to K. Hedetniemi's conjecture states that all cliques K_n are multiplicative. However, the only non-trivial graphs known to be multiplicative are K_3, odd cycles, and still more generally, circular cliques Kp/qK_{p/q} with 2 <= p/q < 4. We make no progress for cliques, but show that all square-free graphs are multiplicative. In particular, this gives the first multiplicative graphs of chromatic number higher than 4. Generalizing, in terms of the box complex, the topological insight behind existing proofs for odd cycles, we also give a different proof for circular cliques.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1601.04551,
  title  = {Square-free graphs are multiplicative},
  author = {Marcin Wrochna},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.04551},
  year   = {2016}
}

Comments

22 pages, 5 figures. Only minor changes. Accepted for publication in JCTb

R2 v1 2026-06-22T12:31:46.134Z