Spectral distance on the circle

A building block of noncommutative geometry is the observation that most of the geometric information of a compact riemannian spin manifold M is encoded within its Dirac operator D. Especially via Connes' distance formula one is able to extract from the spectral properties of D the geodesic distance on M. In this paper we investigate the distance d encoded within a covariant Dirac operator on a trivial U(n)-fiber bundle over the circle with arbitrary connection. It turns out that the connected components of d are tori whose dimension is given by the holonomy of the connection. For n=2 we explicitly compute d on all the connected components. For n>2 we restrict to a given fiber and find that the distance is given by the trace of the module of a matrix. The latest is defined by the holonomy and the coordinates of the points under consideration. This paper extends to arbitrary n and arbitrary connection the results obtained in hep-th/0506147 for U(2)-bundle with constant connection. It confirms interesting properties of the spectral distance with respect to another distance naturally associated to connection, namely the horizontal or Carnot-Caratheodory distance d_H. Especially in case the connection has irrational components, the connected components for d are the closure of the connected components of d_H within the euclidean topology on the torus.