Spatial Distribution of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

Using redshift samples, we calculate the cross-correlation functions of LSB galaxies with normal galaxies in complete samples (i.e. CfA and IRAS), which enables us to compare directly the amplitudes and shapes of the correlation functions. For pair separations $r\gs 2\mpc$, we find that the shape is in agreement with that of the correlation functions for other galaxies. The amplitudes ($A$) of $\xiab (r)$ are lower than those of the autocorrelation functions for the CfA and IRAS samples, with $A_{\rm LSB-CfA}:A_{\rm CfA-CfA}\approx 0.4$ and $A_{\rm LSB-IRAS}:A_{\rm IRAS-IRAS}\approx 0.6$. These results suggest that LSB galaxies are imbedded in the same large scale structure as other galaxies, but are less strongly clustered. This offers the hope that LSB galaxies may be unbiased tracers of the mass density on large scales. For $r\ls 2\mpc$, the cross-correlation functions are significantly lower than that expected from the extrapolation of $\xiab$ on larger scales, showing that the formation and survival of LSB galaxies may be inhibited by interaction with neighboring galaxies. The model which matches these observations suggests that strong luminosity segregation in galaxy clustering is not a necessary consequence of biased galaxy formation, unless the effect of surface brightness is taken in to account. It is also implies a significant mass density in LSB galaxies.