Solving the Yamabe-Type Equations on Closed Manifolds by Iteration Schemes

We introduce a double iterative scheme and local variational method to solve the Yamabe-type equation $- \frac{4(n - 1)}{n - 2}\Delta_{g} u + (S_{g} + \beta ) u = \lambda u^{\frac{n + 2}{n - 2}}$ for some constant $\beta \leqslant 0$, locally on Riemannian domain $(\Omega, g)$ with trivial Dirichlet condition and globally on closed manifolds $(M, g)$; the dimensions of $\Omega$ and $M$ are at least 3. In contrast to the traditional global variational method, these Yamabe-type equations on closed manifolds are analyzed by local analysis and monotone iteration scheme. In particular, we do not need to use the Weyl tensor. In particular, the sign of the first eigenvalue $\eta_{1}$ of conformal Laplacian $\Box_{g} u : = - \frac{4(n - 1)}{n - 2}\Delta_{g} u + S_{g} u$ plays the central role. When letting $\beta \rightarrow 0$ from the left, we reproof the classical Yamabe problem as a natural consequence of the Yamabe-type equations. The results are classified by the sign of $\eta_{1}$.