Singularities in mixed characteristic via perfectoid big Cohen-Macaulay algebras

We utilize recent results of Andr\'e and Gabber on the existence of weakly functorial integral perfectoid big Cohen-Macaulay (BCM) algebras to study singularities of local rings in mixed characteristic. In particular, we introduce a mixed characteristic BCM-variant of rational/$F$-rational singularities, of log terminal/$F$-regular singularities and of multiplier/test ideals of divisor pairs. We prove a number of results about these objects including a restriction theorem for perfectoid BCM multiplier/test ideals and deformation statements for perfectoid BCM-regular and BCM-rational singularities. As an application, we obtain results on the behavior of $F$-regular and $F$-rational singularities in arithmetic families.