English

Simultaneous Novelty from First-Appearance Times in the Calkin-Wilf Enumeration

General Mathematics 2025-09-16 v1

Abstract

We study the first-appearance map π:N2N0\pi:\mathbb{N}_{\ge2}\to\mathbb{N}_0 that assigns to each denominator dd the earliest breadth-first index at which a reduced fraction of denominator dd occurs in the Calkin-Wilf enumeration of Q>0\mathbb{Q}_{>0}. In parallel, we consider the elementary denominator-first array D=(U(2)U(3)U(4))D=\big(U(2)\mid U(3)\mid U(4)\mid\cdots\big) with rows U(a)=(1/a,2/a,,(a1)/a)U(a)=(1/a,2/a,\dots,(a-1)/a) and row-starts i0(a)=(a2)(a1)2i_0(a)=\frac{(a-2)(a-1)}{2}. We say level aa locks if π(a)=i0(a)\pi(a)=i_0(a). Our main theorem is purely combinatorial: for every n2n\ge2 there exists i{0,,n2}i\in\{0,\dots,n-2\} such that the first appearances of denominators nin-i and n+in+i align symmetrically around i0(n)i_0(n), i.e.\ π(n±i)=i0(n)±i\pi(n\pm i)=i_0(n)\pm i. We prove this pairing (or simultaneous novelty) theorem via a local-coherence analysis of π\pi around a level and a discrete intermediate-value argument. An equivalent group-theoretic restatement uses the free monoid L,RSL2(Z)\langle L,R\rangle\subset SL_2(\mathbb{Z}) underlying the Calkin-Wilf and Stern-Brocot trees.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.10485,
  title  = {Simultaneous Novelty from First-Appearance Times in the Calkin-Wilf Enumeration},
  author = {Paul Alexander Bilokon},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.10485},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

4 pages