We demonstrate a vector magnetometer that simultaneously measures all Cartesian components of a dynamic magnetic field using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a single-crystal diamond. Optical NV-diamond measurements provide high-sensitivity, broadband magnetometry under ambient or extreme physical conditions; and the fixed crystallographic axes inherent to this solid-state system enable vector sensing free from heading errors. In the present device, multi-channel lock-in detection extracts the magnetic-field-dependent spin resonance shifts of NVs oriented along all four tetrahedral diamond axes from the optical signal measured on a single detector. The sensor operates from near DC up to a 12.5 kHz measurement bandwidth; and simultaneously achieves ∼50 pT/Hz magnetic field sensitivity for each Cartesian component, which is to date the highest demonstrated sensitivity of a full vector magnetometer employing solid-state spins. Compared to optimized devices interrogating the four NV orientations sequentially, the simultaneous vector magnetometer enables a 4× measurement speedup. This technique can be extended to pulsed-type sensing protocols and parallel wide-field magnetic imaging.
@article{arxiv.1803.03718,
title = {Simultaneous Broadband Vector Magnetometry Using Solid-State Spins},
author = {Jennifer M. Schloss and John F. Barry and Matthew J. Turner and Ronald L. Walsworth},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.03718},
year = {2018}
}
Comments
13 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, Supplemental Material included as ancillary file