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Sign law for Ramanujan's third order mock theta function $ρ(q)$

Number Theory 2026-06-26 v1

Abstract

We study the coefficients of Ramanujan's third order mock theta function ρ(q)=m0q2m(m+1)(1+q+q2)(1+q3+q6)(1+q2m+1+q4m+2)=n0r(n)qn. \rho(q)=\sum_{m\geq 0} \frac{q^{2m(m+1)}}{(1+q+q^2)(1+q^3+q^6)\cdots(1+q^{2m+1}+q^{4m+2})} =\sum_{n\geq 0}r(n)q^n. Numerical evidence suggests the striking sign pattern r(3n)>0,r(3n+1)0,r(3n+2)0. r(3n)>0,\qquad r(3n+1)\leq 0,\qquad r(3n+2)\leq 0. We prove an asymptotic form of this phenomenon. More precisely, using Watson's relation between ρ(q)\rho(q) and ω(q)\omega(q), together with a Rademacher-type expansion for the coefficients of ω(q)\omega(q) and the corresponding expansion for a theta--eta product, we show that r(n)κnmod32π(12n+8)1/4I1/2 ⁣(π12n+818), r(n)\sim \kappa_{n\bmod 3}\, \frac{2\pi}{(12n+8)^{1/4}} I_{1/2}\!\left(\frac{\pi\sqrt{12n+8}}{18}\right), where κ0=13cosπ18>0,κ1=13sin2π9<0,κ2=13sinπ9<0. \kappa_0=\frac13\cos\frac{\pi}{18}>0, \qquad \kappa_1=-\frac13\sin\frac{2\pi}{9}<0, \qquad \kappa_2=-\frac13\sin\frac{\pi}{9}<0. Consequently, r(3n)>0,r(3n+1)<0,r(3n+2)<0 r(3n)>0, \qquad r(3n+1)<0, \qquad r(3n+2)<0 for all sufficiently large nn.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2606.27902,
  title  = {Sign law for Ramanujan's third order mock theta function $ρ(q)$},
  author = {Manosij Ghosh Dastidar},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.27902},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-22T20:11:02.816Z